Oct 28, 2017 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. The laser stand for light stimulated emission of radiation. Granular electrical and chemical liquid liquid gaseous granular thermal gaseous electrical liquid energy beam gaseous or vacuum laser beam machining electron beam machining ion beam machining tool machining ultrasonic machining abrasive. Nov 23, 2018 electrochemical machiningecm, laser beam machininglbm. In this process, a laser beam is focused for melting and vaporizing to remove material from the workpiece as per the desired shape 1. The quality characteristics such as kerf width, surface roughness and cut edge slope were observed for the various cutting parameters such as laser power, cutting speed and assist gas pressure during pulsed co 2. The main disadvantage of laser cutting is the power, that is, the energy required to create a laser beam. In the last class, we had discussed about electrical discharge machining, ultrasonic machining etc. Laser beam machining lbm is an emerging technology offering an excellent alternative for machining cfrp composites. Yag laser beam welding of aisi316l sheet optimized to trough response surface methodology to achieve the maximum ultimate tensile strength. Yag laser beam and process parameters for quality micromachining of monocrystalline silicon titus murwa mulembo a thesis submitted in partial ful llment for the of degree of master of science in mechatronic engineering in the jomo kenyatta university of agriculture and technology 2014. Chinmay pamecha 2009ume453 presentation overview background laser cutting fundamentals types of lasers equipment material removal mechanism by laser process parameters application laser beam selection guide comparison with other methods cost advantages and limitations new developments safety hazards references.
Laser beam machining, cutting speed, laser power, gas. This will generate high heat energy and melts and vaporize metal from work piece. Novel laser beam diagnostics and fast power measurement. The laser cutting machine beams are greatly strengthened, and it speeds up your process effortlessly. Continuous trench, pulsed laser ablation for micromachining. Optimization of laser beam machining lbm parameters of. Figure 4 shows a typical gasassisted laser machining process. Laser beam machining deals with machining and material processing like heat. The effects of laser parameters on the machining performance characteristics over dimensional sizes are evaluated.
Therefore, high attention is required for better utilization of resources. A schematic representation of a typical laser machining process is illustrated in fig. Mar 30, 2017 today we will learn about laser beam machining principle, working, equipments, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. Materials processed by laser beam machining, range from metals and alloys to inorganic as well as organic nonmetals, composites and rocks, etc. The laser beam is focused by an optical system onto the surface of the material being cut.
Research parameters optimization of laser beam machine as laser beam machine, cutting speed power, gas pressure, laser power. Me373 advanced machining process 3003 ltpc general classification of unconventional machining processes. Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam. The physical parameters of the different ntm are given in the table 1. The laser cutting process and cut quality depend upon the proper selection of laser and workpiece parameters. Welcome to this second session on laser beam machining under the course advance manufacturing processes. May 02, 2017 laser beam machining main parts, principle, working with application may 2, 2017 december 26, 2018 pankaj mishra 2 comments manufacturing processes laser beam machining lbm is a form of machining process in which laser beam is used for the machining of metallic and nonmetallic materials.
Cutting temperature and laser beam temperature effects on. Pdf optimization and analysis of laser beam machining. In general, cutting parameters are adjusted and tuned to provide the quality of. Optimization of co2 laser beam cutting process parameters for.
A great advantage of laser machining is capability to machine any kind of material, not necessarily conductive, depending on laser intensity and interaction time. Materials processing parameters process description mechanisms of laser cutting 2. Considering these advantages of ga, optimization of nd. Using a full quadratic regression model, a relation between input parameters and the response was established 22. Electron beam machining is required to be carried out in vacuum.
The experimental results positively validated the simulation model. With the obvious advantages associated with this type of cutting, there are some disadvantages. All cutting parameters might have significant influence on the resulting quality of work. Experimental studies on fibre laser micromachining of ti6al4v. Experimental investigation and analysis of process parameters.
The laser beam raises the temperature of the powder to form what is called a melt pool. Laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. It is a process in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired shape and size by means of sharp cutting tools called a machining process. Laser beam machining is a thermal machining process which uses laser beam to produce heat. Electro chemical machining ecm and allied processes, ecm tool design.
Laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. It is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Laser beam machining of carbon fiber reinforced composites. Pravininvestigation of effect of lbm process parameters on performance characteristic of ss ss 304 investigates the influence of laser beam machining process parameters input like laser power cutting.
The size bridge between the parts, size and shape of the path laser beam to the cutting shape are then reflected in better results for small to medium sized products. Depending upon the intensity of heating the workpiece can melt and vaporize. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional process in which material removal takes place through melting and. Investigation of effect of laser beam machining lbm. Laser drilling relies on melting and evaporating the material. The performance of laser beam machine depends on process parameters, material parameters and important performance characteristics are haz heat affected zone, kw kerf width, ra surface roughness. Through this process, a highenergy laser beam is produced to strike at the workpiece, the laser thermal energy is transmitted to read more. Apr 21, 2017 laser material interactions a great advantage of laser machining is capability to machine any kind of material, not necessarily conductive, depending on laser intensity and interaction time. Electron beam machining process electron beam is generated in an electron beam gun. The laser cutting process uses a focused laser beam and assist gas to sever metallic plate with high accuracy and exceptional process reliability. If you are going to invest in a laser cutting machine, you should not only consider that process step, but also how you embed the machine in your factory to get the best results from your investment.
Literature survey the primarily used lasers are continuous wave cw co2 and pulsed nd. Investigation of effect of laser beam machining lbm process. Plasma arc machining pam unconventional machining processes are mainly used for machining. Yag laser beam machining process is done using this technique. Laser beam machining of commercially pure titanium. The laser beam is generated by a resonator, and delivered through the cutting nozzle via a system of mirrors. Laser beam machining lbm is a novel thermal energy based advanced machining process which can be used for machining a wide range of materials. After that an artificial neural network ann model was created, trained, tested and validated with the experimental obtained data using matlab. In this context, the avoidance of a \trial and error experimental approach requires the development of a computationally inexpensive mathe.
Laser beam machining lbm is a method of machining that uses laser beam to mill metal and nonmetallic materials. Process parameters lbm processes to a great extent depend on the work piece. The focused laser beam heats the material to the melting point. As indicated in the previous section, laser beam power shouldnt be your only metric in deciding. Mar 17, 2016 electron beam machining ebm is a thermal process.
Yang, an investigation of pulsed laser cutting f titanium alloy sheet, optics lasers eng. Today we will learn about laser beam machining principle, working, equipments, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. Oxygen is supplied to the cutting zone through a nozzle coaxial to the laser beam. Hence, the characteristic of noncontact between the tool and the. Laser cutting machine now you can use the laser cutting machine as with the laser beam, you have to be at times actually careful. Liquidassisted laser beam machining lalbm process is used as an alternative to existing laser beam machining lbm process to address the problems associated with the extreme heat of the laser. Laser beam machining main parts, principle, working with. Experimental investigation and analysis of process. To improve and optimize the responses of a laser beam machining process, the various.
Abrasive jet machining, water jet and abrasive water jet machining, ultrasonic machining. Optimization of process parameter of laser beam machining of high. Laser beam machining lbm is a form of machining process in which laser beam is used for the machining of metallic and nonmetallic materials. Investigation on the effects of process parameters on laser. L27 orthogonal array design was selected for full factorial design to better understanding of interaction between process parameters. The heat of the laser beam subsequently heats, melts and evaporates the work piece material, as this process does not need the cutting tool so no mechanical force is exerted on the work piece thus work piece does not need to be clamped like in conventional machining process 3. This can be a barrier for some potential users of laser machining, especially those who need to create innovative freeform structures.
Electron beam gun provides high velocity electrons over a very small spot size. After the heating cycle, the material rapidly cools down and solidifies. In lbm, there are many factors such as beam parameters. Laser cutting parameters the laser cutting parameters are dependent on the beam characteristics, the cutting rate required, the composition and thickness of the material to be cut, and the desired cut edge quality. The laser cutting process takes place with minimal operator interventionhigh efficiency. Sep, 2016 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. The focused beam in vaporization cutting first heats up the. A laser is a device that emits light through a process of. In contrast to some other processes, laser operates using high energy photons therefore there is not a typical tool as the laser beam directly targets. Otherwise the electrons would interact with the air molecules, thus they would loose their energy and cutting. The paper focuses on laser beam machining lbm of insitu synthesized al7075 tib.
Electron beam machining ebm and laser beam machining lbm are thermal processes. Optimization and influence of laser machining process parameters on surface roughness, volumetric material removal rate vmrr and dimensional accuracy of. Here a steam of high speed electrons impinges on the work surface so that the kinetic energy of electrons is transferred to work producing intense heating. May 14, 2015 this study presents the investigation results of microchannel fabrication in nickelbased super alloy inconel 718 by nd. In contrast to some other processes, laser operates using high energy photons therefore there is not a typical tool as. Laser machining process an overview sciencedirect topics. Electrochemical machiningecm, laser beam machininglbm. Mar 31, 2017 it is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Pulse width is one of the important parameters of pulse laser welding. The main operating parameters associated with laser assisted machining are. Ramesh singh process mechanisms the beam is traversed over a programmed path and material removal occurs due to multiple mechanisms melting material exhibiting molten phase of low viscosity, notably metals and alloys, and thermoplastics, are cut by the heating action of a beam of. For output parameters, surface roughness and kerfs taper are studied.
Laser power, spot diameter of the laser beam, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Electron beam machining is same as laser beam machining process in which except laser, high speed electron beam impinges on work piece. The laser beam heats and melts the edges of the workpiece, forming a joint. Ppt laser beam machining powerpoint presentation free. The process used thermal energy to remove material from a metallic surface. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces. Other nontraditional processes which include abrasive water jet machining awjm, ultrasonic machining usm, and electrodischarge machining edm offer substitute to the conventional methods. Electric discharge machining and allied processes, laser beam machining, ion beam machining, plasma arc machining.
It is an important parameter that is different from material removal and material melting, and is also a key parameter that determines the cost and volume of processing equipment. Here, process parameters are selected by literature survey, selfinitial experiment and experience of production engineer 4, 17, 18, 19. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic sur. Laser beam machining lbm, response surface methodology rsm, genetic algorithm ga, optimization. Artificial intelligent model to predict surface roughness. The values of process parameters are determined to yield the desired product quality and also to maximize the process performances. Introduction laser beam machining lbm is a novel thermal energy based advanced machining process which can be used for machining a wide range of materials. Working, advantages, limitations, applications,laser projects, pdf.
Optimization of process parameters on laser beam cutting. Lasertec 40 machine for various combinations of the three machining process parameters. It reports about the experimental and theoretical studies of lbm to improve the process performance. Experiments were conducted by setting different values of these parameters.
The quality of laser cut is the most important factor in laser cutting process. Pdf electron beam machining yunitha ratnadilla academia. When this high velocity electron strikes the workpiece, it melts and vaporizes the material from the workpiece. The correct selection of the nontraditional machining methods must be based on the following aspects. When a laser beam with high energy density is focused on the surface of a material, the absorbed thermal energy can transform the work volume into a molten, vaporized, or chemically changed state. Parameters optimization of laser beam machine ijariit.
On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining. Three number of laser parameters have been reserved as predictors to the naming of laser intensity, pulse frequency, and laser. Investigating the effect of process parameters on the. Experimental investigation of effect of laser beam. Artificial intelligent model to predict surface roughness in laser machining m. Yag laser beam can be effectively used for cutting of silicon nitride ceramics and proper selection and controlling of laser beam machining process parameters can generate good quality cut. The energy of a narrow laser beam is highly concentrated at 10 810 10 wcm 2, so a weak weld pool is formed very rapidly for about 106 sec. Yag laser beam machining process using artificial bee colony algorithm rajarshimukherjee,debkalpagoswami,andshankarchakraborty department of production engineering, jadavpur university, kolkata, west bengal, india correspondence should be addressed to shankar chakraborty. In this research work, the desired responses are minimum kerf taper and surface roughness. Optimization and analysis of laser beam machining parameters for. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining using. Several types of nontraditional machining processes have been developed to meet extra. Lbm being a nonconventional machining process requires high intensity and offers poor efficiency.
Jan 06, 2015 electron beam machining process electron beam is generated in an electron beam gun. The identified cutting parameters during experiments were cutting speed v, frequency f, and duty cycle d and the output response was surface roughness. In this process, a laser beam of high energy is made to strike on the workpiece, the thermal energy of the laser gets transferred to the surface of the wp workpiece. In this machining process metal is removed by melting and vaporization of metal particle from surface of work piece. Review on laser beam machining process parameter optimization. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the advanced machining processes. A laser beam is a nonconventional machining method in which the operation performed by the laser. Rather, some machining is usually required after deposition in order to obtain the finished part dimensions.
Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining. In this process, a laser beam is focused for melting and vaporizing to. Laser beam welding lbw is a welding process, in which heat is generated by a high energy laser beam targeted on the workpiece. From the study of literature survey, we noted that during laser beam machining laser power, cutting speed, assist gas pressure.
Optimization and influence of laser machining process parameters on surface roughness, volumetric material removal rate vmrr and dimensional accuracy of composites were studied. Apr 08, 2017 electron beam machining is process in which high velocity electrons are concentrated in a narrow beam and then directed towards the workpiece for machining. This study investigates the influence of laser beam machining lbm process parameters on surface roughness and kerf width while machining stainless steel ss 304. Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the parent material. May 31, 2018 laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. Notes on electron beam machining ebm me mechanical. Cutting parameters speed, feed, depth of cut independent variables. Machining is the broad term used to describe removal of material from a workpiece includes cutting, abrasive processes grinding, advanced machining processes electrical, chemical, thermal, hydrodynamic, lasers automation began when lathes were introduced in 1700s now have computer numerical control cnc machines. During a laser pulse action, the metal reflectivity changes greatly. Laser drilling is one of the significant laser machining methods, with an extensive range of applications and several types of processing objects. The process control parameters considered are oxygen pressure, pulse width, pulse frequency and cutting speed. A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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